Buffalo
The town was laid out in 1803–04 by Joseph Ellicott of the Holland
Land Company. Named New Amsterdam (but popularly called Buffalo), it had
a population of about 1,500 at the time of the war of 1812 and became the American military headquarters for operations on the Niagara frontier.
It was again burned by the British in 1813 but was rebuilt and
incorporated as the village of Buffalo in 1816. The origin of the
place-name is in dispute, as buffalo (bison) did not inhabit the area;
it may reflect a mispronunciation of the French beau fleuve (“beautiful river”), in reference to the local Buffalo Creek.
The first steamboat on the upper Great Lakes, Walk-on-the-Water, was built at Buffalo in 1818. The completion of the Erie Canal
in 1825 brought a tremendous economic boom to the community, attracting
immigrants and boosting its population to some 10,000 at the time of
its incorporation as a city in 1832.
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