Louse
Outbreaks of louse-borne disease were frequent by-products of famine, war, and other disasters before the advent of insecticides (see infectous disease). Partly due to the widespread use of insecticidal shampoos for control, the head louse has developed resistance to many insecticides and is exhibiting a resurgence in many areas of the world. Heavy infestation
of lice may cause intense skin irritation, and scratching for relief
may lead to secondary infections. In domestic animals, rubbing and
damage to hides and wool may also occur, and meat and egg production may
be reduced. In badly infested birds, the feathers may be severely
damaged. One of the dog lice is the intermediate host of the dog tapeworm, and a rat louse is a transmitter of murin typus among rats
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